Amakuru

Guhitamo kuvura hejuru nikibazo buri mushinga ahura nacyo. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwokuvura kubutaka burahari, kandi urwego rwohejuru ntirukwiye gutekereza gusa mubukungu nibikorwa byubushakashatsi, ahubwo tunitondere inzira yo guterana ndetse nibisabwa ibidukikije. Hano hepfo ni intangiriro ngufi kuri bimwe bisanzwe bikoreshwa kubifunga bishingiye kumahame yavuzwe haruguru, kugirango bikoreshwe nabimenyereza kwihuta.

1. Amashanyarazi

Zinc nigikunze gukoreshwa cyane kubifunga ubucuruzi. Igiciro kirahendutse, kandi isura ni nziza. Amabara asanzwe arimo umukara nicyatsi kibisi. Nyamara, imikorere yayo yo kurwanya ruswa ni impuzandengo, kandi imikorere yayo yo kurwanya ruswa niyo yo hasi cyane mubice bya zinc (coating). Mubisanzwe, igeragezwa ryumunyu utabogamye wibyuma bya galvanis bikorwa bikorwa mumasaha 72, kandi ibikoresho byihariye byo gufunga nabyo bikoreshwa kugirango ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu utabogamye kimara amasaha arenga 200. Nyamara, igiciro gihenze, gikubye inshuro 5-8 icyuma gisanzwe.

Inzira ya electrogalvanizing ikunda kwinjizwa na hydrogen, bityo bolts iri hejuru yicyiciro cya 10.9 ntabwo isanzwe ikoreshwa hamwe na galvanizing. Nubwo hydrogène ishobora gukurwaho hifashishijwe ifuru nyuma yo kuyisiga, firime ya passivation izangirika ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 60 ℃, bityo hydrogène igomba gukorwa nyuma ya electroplating na mbere ya passivation. Ibi bifite imikorere mibi hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gutunganya. Mubyukuri, ibihingwa rusange ntibikuraho hydrogene keretse byateganijwe nabakiriya runaka.

Ihuzagurika hagati yumuriro nimbaraga zo gukomera kwiziritse ni mbi kandi idahindagurika, kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa muguhuza ibice byingenzi. Kugirango tunonosore umurongo wa torque preload, uburyo bwo gutwika ibintu bisiga amavuta nyuma yo kubisiga nabyo birashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere no kuzamura ubudahangarwa bwa preque preload.

2. Fosifati

Ihame ryibanze ni uko fosifati ihendutse kuruta gusya, ariko kurwanya ruswa kwayo ni bibi kuruta gusya. Nyuma ya fosifate, hagomba gushyirwaho amavuta, kandi kurwanya kwangirika kwayo bifitanye isano rya bugufi nimikorere yamavuta yakoreshejwe. Kurugero, nyuma ya fosifate, shyiramo amavuta rusange yo kurwanya ingese no gukora ikizamini cyumunyu utabogamye mumasaha 10-20 gusa. Gukoresha amavuta yo murwego rwohejuru arwanya ingese birashobora gufata amasaha agera kuri 72-96. Ariko igiciro cyacyo cyikubye inshuro 2-3 amavuta ya fosifati rusange.

Hariho ubwoko bubiri bukoreshwa bwa fosifate kubifata, fosifike ya zinc na fosifatique ya manganese. Zinc ishingiye kuri fosifati ifite imikorere myiza yo gusiga kuruta fosifatiya ishingiye kuri manganese, naho fosifatike ishingiye kuri manganese ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi ikarwanya kwambara kuruta isahani ya zinc. Irashobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 225 na 400 Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Cyane cyane guhuza ibice bimwe byingenzi. Nkuguhuza inkoni nimbuto za moteri, umutwe wa silinderi, icyuma gikuru, ibimera biguruka, ibiziga hamwe nimbuto, nibindi.

Imbaraga nyinshi zikoresha fosifate, zishobora kandi kwirinda ibibazo bya hydrogène. Kubwibyo, bolts iri hejuru yicyiciro cya 10.9 murwego rwinganda muri rusange ikoresha ubuvuzi bwa fosifati.

3. Oxidation (umwirabura)

Kwirabura + amavuta ni igifuniko kizwi cyane kubifata inganda kuko aribyo bihendutse kandi bisa neza mbere yo gukoresha lisansi. Kubera umwijima wacyo, ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira ingese, bityo izabora vuba nta mavuta. Nubwo haba hari amavuta, ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu gishobora kumara amasaha 3-5 gusa.

4. Amashanyarazi

Isahani ya kadmium ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa cyane cyane mubidukikije byo mu nyanja zo mu nyanja, ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kuvura hejuru. Igiciro cyo gutunganya imyanda yimyanda murwego rwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kadmiyumu ni kinini, kandi igiciro cyacyo cyikubye inshuro 15-20 icy'amashanyarazi ya zinc. Ntabwo rero ikoreshwa mubikorwa rusange, gusa kubidukikije byihariye. Kwizirika gukoreshwa kumahuriro yo gucukura peteroli nindege ya HNA.

5. Isahani ya Chromium

Igikoresho cya chromium gihamye cyane mu kirere, ntabwo byoroshye guhindura ibara no gutakaza urumuri, kandi bifite ubukana bwinshi kandi birwanya kwambara neza. Gukoresha chromium isahani yiziritse muri rusange ikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gushushanya. Ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda bifite ibyangombwa byinshi byo kurwanya ruswa, kuko ibyuma byiza bya chrome byometseho bihenze kimwe nicyuma kitagira umwanda. Gusa iyo imbaraga zicyuma zidafite imbaraga zidahagije, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya chrome bikoreshwa aho.

Kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika, umuringa na nikel bigomba kubanza gushyirwaho mbere ya chrome. Ipfunyika ya chromium irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa dogere 1200 Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Ariko hariho n'ikibazo cyo kwinjiza hydrogène, bisa na electrogalvanizing.

6. Isahani ya Nickel

Ahanini ikoreshwa mubice bisaba kurwanya ruswa ndetse no gutwara neza. Kurugero, ama terefone asohoka ya bateri yimodoka.

7. Ashyushye cyane

Gushyushya amazi ashyushye ni ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwa zinc bushyushye kumazi. Ubunini bwa coating buri hagati ya 15 na 100 μ m. Kandi ntabwo byoroshye kugenzura, ariko bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa kandi akenshi bikoreshwa mubuhanga. Mugihe cyo gushyushya amazi ashyushye, habaho umwanda ukabije, harimo imyanda ya zinc hamwe numwuka wa zinc.

Bitewe no gutwikiriye umubyimba, byateje ingorane zo gutobora mumutwe wimbere ninyuma mumashanyarazi. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya galvaniza itunganijwe, ntishobora gukoreshwa kubifata hejuru yicyiciro cya 10.9 (340 ~ 500 ℃).

8. Kwinjira kwa Zinc

Kwinjira kwa Zinc ni metallurgical ikomeye yumuriro ukwirakwiza ifu ya zinc. Uburinganire bwabwo nibyiza, kandi urwego rumwe rushobora kuboneka mumitwe yombi no mu mwobo uhumye. Uburebure bwa plate ni 10-110 μ m. Kandi ikosa rirashobora kugenzurwa kuri 10%. Imbaraga zayo zo guhuza hamwe no kurwanya ruswa hamwe na substrate nibyiza cyane muri cinc (nka electrogalvanizing, hot-dip galvanizing, na Dacromet). Igikorwa cyacyo cyo kuyitunganya nta mwanda kandi cyangiza ibidukikije.

9. Dacromet

Nta kibazo cya hydrogène kiboneka, kandi imikorere ya torque preload ihoraho ni nziza cyane. Utarinze gusuzuma chromium nibibazo byibidukikije, Dacromet mubyukuri irakwiriye cyane kumashanyarazi akomeye hamwe nibisabwa birwanya ruswa.