Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso ni ikibazo buri mushushanya ahura nacyo. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso buhari, kandi umushushanya wo ku rwego rwo hejuru ntagomba kwita gusa ku bukungu n'imikorere y'igishushanyo mbonera, ahubwo agomba no kwita ku buryo bwo guteranya ndetse n'ibisabwa ku bidukikije. Hasi aha hari incamake y'imyambaro ikoreshwa cyane ku bikoresho byo gufunga hashingiwe ku mahame yavuzwe haruguru, kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'abahanga mu gufunga.
1. Gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi
Zinc ni yo irangi ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora imashini zifata ku bucuruzi. Igiciro ni gito cyane, kandi isura ni nziza. Amabara asanzwe arimo umukara n'icyatsi kibisi. Ariko, imikorere yayo yo kurwanya ingese ni iy'ikigereranyo, kandi imikorere yayo yo kurwanya ingese ni yo iri hasi cyane mu bice bya zinc plating (coating). Muri rusange, ikizamini cya galvanised spray cy'umunyu utagira inenge gikorwa mu masaha 72, kandi hakoreshwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gufunga kugira ngo ikizamini cya galvanised spray kitagira inenge kimara amasaha arenga 200. Ariko, igiciro kirahenze, kingana n'inshuro 5-8 z'icyuma gisanzwe cya galvanised.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha electrogalvanizing bukunze kugorana kwa hydrogen, bityo bolts ziri hejuru ya 10.9 muri rusange ntizivurwa na galvanizing. Nubwo hydrogen ishobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe ifuru nyuma yo kuyishyiramo, filime yo kuyishyiramo izangirika ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 60 ℃, bityo kuyikuraho bigomba gukorwa nyuma yo kuyishyiramo electroplating na mbere yo kuyishyiramo. Ibi bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere yabyo kandi bikaba bifite ikiguzi kinini cyo kuyitunganya. Mu by'ukuri, inganda zikora muri rusange ntizikuraho hydrogen keretse iyo byasabwe n'abakiriya runaka.
Ubufatanye hagati y’imbaraga zo gufunga no gufunga mbere y’uko bikomeza ntabwo buhamye kandi ntibuhamye, kandi muri rusange ntibukoreshwa mu guhuza ibice by’ingenzi. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gufunga mbere y’uko bikomeza, uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta nyuma yo gufunga bushobora no gukoreshwa mu kunoza no kongera uburyo bwo gufunga mbere y’uko bikomeza.
2. Fosfeti
Ihame ry'ibanze ni uko fosfati ihendutse kurusha galvanizing, ariko ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ingese burushaho kuba bubi kurusha galvanizing. Nyuma yo gukoresha fosfati, amavuta agomba gushyirwaho, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ingese bufitanye isano rya hafi n'imikorere y'amavuta yakoreshejwe. Urugero, nyuma yo gukoresha fosfati, gukoresha amavuta arwanya ingese rusange no gukora ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu mu gihe cy'amasaha 10-20 gusa. Gukoresha amavuta arwanya ingese yo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora gufata amasaha 72-96. Ariko igiciro cyayo ni inshuro 2-3 z'amavuta arwanya ingese rusange.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa bwa phosphating ku bikoresho byo gufata, phosphating ishingiye kuri zinki na phosphating ishingiye kuri manganese. Phosphating ishingiye kuri zinki ifite ubushobozi bwo gusiga amavuta kurusha phosphating ishingiye kuri manganese, naho phosphating ishingiye kuri manganese ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no kwangirika kurusha zinki. Ishobora gukoreshwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 225 na 400 Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Cyane cyane mu guhuza ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ingenzi. Nk'imigozi ihuza n'imigozi ya moteri, umutwe wa silindiri, icyuma gikurura, imigozi iguruka, imigozi y'amapine n'imigozi, nibindi.
Udupira dufite imbaraga nyinshi dukoresha fosfati, ibyo bikaba byanarinda ibibazo byo kwangirika kwa hydrogen. Kubwibyo, utwo dupira turi hejuru ya 10.9 mu rwego rw'inganda muri rusange dukoresha fosfati.
3. Guhindura ikirere (kwijima)
Gusiga amavuta yijimye + ni irangi rikunzwe cyane ku bikoresho byo mu nganda kuko ari ryo rihendutse kandi risa neza mbere yo gukoresha lisansi. Kubera ko rihinduka ryijimye, nta bushobozi rifite bwo gukumira ingese, bityo rihita rigwa nta mavuta. Nubwo hari amavuta, ikizamini cyo gusukura umunyu gishobora kumara amasaha 3-5 gusa.
4. Igice cyo gupakira amashanyarazi
Gushyiramo kadmium bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza, cyane cyane mu kirere cyo mu nyanja, ugereranije n'ibindi bikorerwa ku buso. Igiciro cyo gutunganya imyanda mu gihe cyo gushyiramo kadmium ni kinini, kandi igiciro cyabyo ni inshuro zigera kuri 15-20 z'ikiguzi cyo gushyiramo zinc mu buryo bwa electroplating. Bityo rero, ntabwo ikoreshwa mu nganda rusange, ahubwo ikoreshwa gusa mu bidukikije byihariye. Ibikoresho byo gufunga bikoreshwa mu gucukura peteroli no mu ndege za HNA.
5. Gushyiramo kromium
Igishishwa cya chromium kirahamye cyane mu kirere, nticyoroshye guhindura ibara no gutakaza urumuri, kandi gifite ubukana bwinshi kandi kidapfa kwangirika neza. Gukoresha chromium plating ku byuma bihambiraho ubusanzwe bikoreshwa mu mirimo yo gushushanya. Ntibikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese nyinshi, kuko chrome plasting nziza zihambiraho zihenze kimwe n'icyuma kidapfuka. Iyo imbaraga z'icyuma kidapfukaho zidahagije, niho hakoreshwa chrome plasting.
Kugira ngo hirindwe ingese, umuringa na nikeli bigomba kubanza gushyirwaho mbere yo gusigwaho chrome. Igitambaro cya chromium gishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa dogere 650 Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Ariko hari n'ikibazo cyo gucika kwa hydrogen, kimwe no gushonga kwa electrogalvanizing.
6. Gushyiramo nikeli
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bice bisaba kurwanya ingese no gutwara neza. Urugero, aho bateri z'imodoka zisohoka.
7. Gushyushya no gushyushya icyuma gishyushya
Gushyushya icyuma gishyushya ni uburyo bwo gutwikira zinc ishyushye ikoresheje amazi. Ubunini bw'icyuma gishyushya ni hagati ya 15 na 100 μ m. Kandi ntabwo byoroshye kuyigenzura, ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu buhanga. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya icyuma gishyushya icyuma gishyushya, habaho umwanda ukabije, harimo imyanda ya zinc n'umwuka wa zinc.
Bitewe n'uko ipfundikiye cyane, yateje ingorane mu gufunga imigozi y'imbere n'iy'inyuma mu byuma bifunga. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya galvanizing ishyushye, ntishobora gukoreshwa ku byuma bifunga biri hejuru ya 10.9 (340 ~ 500 ℃).
8. Kwinjira kwa zinki
Kwinjira kwa zinc ni igipfundikizo gikomeye cy’ubushyuhe gikwirakwira mu byuma bya metallurgike cy’ifu ya zinc. Uburemere bwayo ni bwiza, kandi urwego rumwe rushobora kuboneka mu migozi no mu myobo idakingiye. Ubunini bw’igipfundikizo ni 10-110 μ m. Kandi ikosa rishobora kugenzurwa kuri 10%. Ingufu zayo zo gufatana n’imikorere yo kurwanya ingese hamwe n’icyatsi ni byo byiza cyane mu gipfundikizo cya zinc (nk’amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ashyushye, na Dacromet). Uburyo bwo kuyitunganya nta mwanda kandi ni bwiza cyane ku bidukikije.
9. Dacromet
Nta kibazo cyo kubura umwuka wa hydrogen, kandi imikorere y’umuvuduko wa torque mbere yo gushyiramo amashanyarazi ni myiza cyane. Hatabayeho ibibazo bya chromium n’ibidukikije, Dacromet ni yo ikwiriye cyane ku bikoresho bikomeye byo gufatamo ibyuma bifite ingufu nyinshi zo kurwanya ingese.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-19-2023
